What a start to 2025!
While many celebrated New Year’s Eve with bursts of glittering fireworks, Earth joined the festivities with a natural display of its own: the northern lights.
A coronal mass ejection (CME) struck Earth’s magnetic field on Dec. 31 at 11:21 a.m. EST (16:21 GMT), sparking geomagnetic storm conditions and painting the night sky with vivid aurora displays as far south as California U.S., Austria, and Germany. The geomagnetic storms waxed and waned throughout the night, creating a dynamic celestial fireworks show that stretched well into the new year.
What caused the strong auroras?
When CMEs strike Earth’s magnetosphere, they bring electrically charged particles called ions that collide with Earth’s magnetic field. These collisions can spark geomagnetic storms. During these storms, ions collide with atmospheric gases, releasing energy in the form of light. This creates the stunning displays known as the northern lights, or aurora borealis, in the Northern Hemisphere, and the southern lights, or aurora australis, in the Southern Hemisphere.
Geomagnetic storms are ranked by NOAA’s G-scale, from G1 (minor) to G5 (extreme). Although a G3 storm watch was issued for New Year’s Eve, most of the night saw G1 conditions, with G2 levels reported at 5:44 a.m. EST (1044 GMT) on Jan. 1, according to spaceweatherlive.com.
More to come?
And it’s not over yet! The sun started 2025 with a bang, hurling a new CME toward Earth, which could trigger more northern lights around Jan. 3 and Jan. 4, according to space weather physicist Tamitha Skov.
“Our Sun rings in the New Year! We just had a new #solarstorm launch from Region 3939 in the Earth-Strike Zone,” Skov wrote in a post on X.
Our Sun rings in the New Year! We just had a new #solarstorm launch from Region 3939 in the Earth-Strike Zone. (Watch dimming regions develop near center Sun.) Although faint in coronagraphs thus far, this one may bring another chance for #aurora during January 3 & 4! pic.twitter.com/ueLSSlP128January 1, 2025
But first, let’s look back at the incredible New Year’s Eve display, with these spectacular northern lights photos.
Photographer Alex Nicodim celebrated the new year with a stunning aurora show above a ski slope in Levi, Finland.
Nicodim and other skywatchers celebrating the new year were treated to an incredible northern lights display as tall pillars of green and red auroras filled the sky in the early hours of Jan. 1, 2025.
Many skywatchers took to X to post incredible photos of the northern lights on New Year’s Eve.
Simon Rennie managed to snap this incredible photo of fireworks AND aurora over New Year’s in Finland.
Happy New YearHyvää uutta vuottaFrom Finnish Lapland#aurora#lapland pic.twitter.com/HRCEyGbUPgDecember 31, 2024
Aurora chaser Mia Stålnacke captured these delightful photographs of the northern lights dancing alongside firework over Kiruna, Sweden.
“How the new year started here in Kiruna. With both natural and man made fireworks in the sky. I know which ones I prefer,” Stålnacke wrote in a post on X.
How the new year started here in Kiruna. With both natural and man made fireworks in the sky. I know which ones I prefer. pic.twitter.com/eXbS1wVqqFJanuary 1, 2025
Tour guide Halldor Sigurdsson captured this impressive video of the northern lights and fireworks filling the skies above Reykjavik, Iceland.
#AuroraBorealis and #fireworks at 23:57 in #Reykjavik in #Iceland. Temperature at minus 9 C ( 15F). Happy New Year. @angie_weather @spann @bbcniweather @StephanieAbrams @Ginger_Zee #newyear @aurorawatchuk @wxbrad @barrabest #happynewyear @TamithaSkov pic.twitter.com/EhDIVm8D15January 1, 2025
An eagle-eyed aurora chaser spotted the northern lights as far south as the Mojave Desert, U.S.
“Shockingly this G1 substorm is being detected all the way down at 35 Lat in the Mojave desert right now 9:20pm PST,” Blue sky aloha wrote in a post on X.
Shockingly this G1 substorm is being detected all the way down at 35 Lat in the Mojave desert right now 9:20pm PST @TamithaSkov @Vincent_Ledvina @SNHWx @SirlinJohn @edwanx @halocme pic.twitter.com/ejYS7h4MBfJanuary 1, 2025
Bad weather may have canceled a large portion of Hogmanay firework displays across Scotland, including Edinburgh’s Hogmanay celebrations, but some lucky skywatchers were treated to an even more impressive show.
“What a way to bring in the New Year in bonny Scotland! Wishing you a happy & healthy 2025”, Puja R. Mehta wrote in a post on X.
What a way to bring in the New Year in bonny Scotland! Wishing you a happy & healthy 2025 ☺️ #NewYear2025 #NorthernLights #Auroraborealis #Scotland pic.twitter.com/OONuAJgnViJanuary 1, 2025
Amateur photographer Gary McIntyre shared this beautiful view of vivid red northern lights above Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
“Happy New Year to you all! Mother Nature put on her own display for the bells. All the very best for 2025!” McIntyre wrote in a post on X.
Happy New Year to you all! Mother Nature put on her own display for the bells. All the very best for 2025! ❤️😘🙂🙏🏻 #love #northernlights #Aberdeenshire #Aurora #2025 #NewYear2025 #NewYear #Scotland #Insch pic.twitter.com/4NUGP2zbrtJanuary 1, 2025
The northern lights were also visible over the Austrian Alps, with faint red hues captured by webcams in Saint Anton am Arlberg.
“Beautiful activity for 47°N considering Kp was ~4 (below storm threshold)!” aurora chaser Jure Atanackov wrote in a post on X.
Another view of aurora over the Austrian Alps during the midnight CET (23:30-00:20 CET) substorm – this time from Sankt Anton am Arlberg. Beautiful activity for 47°N considering Kp was ~4 (below storm threshold)! pic.twitter.com/JOFjMtHsr7January 1, 2025
Atanackov also shared webcam views of the northern lights from Bayerische Zugsptizbahn, south Germany.
“Central Europe got a pretty decent show, despite the geomagnetic activity never reaching even the G1 storm threshold. If only Bz had been more favourable,” Atanackov wrote on X.
Aurora around midnight (23:30-00:20 CET) from Bayerische Zugsptizbahn, south Germany. Central Europe got a pretty decent show, despite the geomagnetic activity never reaching even the G1 storm threshold. If only Bz had been more favourable. pic.twitter.com/obNTdVLb2SJanuary 1, 2025
Editor’s note: If you capture a stunning photo or video of the northern lights (or southern lights!) and want to share them with Space.com for a possible story, send images, comments on the view and your location, as well as use permissions to spacephotos@space.com.